中文说明：
在机器学习问题中，很多的算法归根到底就是在求解一个优化问题，然而我们的现实生活中也存在着很多的优化问题，例如道路上最优路径的选择，商品买卖中的最大利润的获取这些都是最优化的典型例子，前面也陆续地有一些具体的最优化的算法，如基本的梯度下降法，牛顿法以及启发式的优化算法(PSO,ABC等)。
English Description：
In machine learning problems, many algorithms in the final analysis is to solve an optimization problem. However, there are many optimization problems in our real life, such as the selection of the optimal path on the road, the acquisition of the maximum profit in commodity trading. These are typical examples of optimization. In front of them, there are some specific optimization algorithms, such as the basic ladder Degree descent method, Newton method and heuristic optimization algorithm (PSO, ABC, etc.).